The late Qing government in Western employees _ liuqun Ming

Gordon on the people of inverse ear cannot advise is: China war militant who are when chopping 2010 18 Hong Kong wenhui blog: shangshanruoshui Chen nan: Hello, starting today, we want to talk about the late Qing dynasty, Chinese Government employees of foreigners. 1860 the second opium war, the Anglo-French fire of the Winter Palace, the Qing Government was forced to sign a Treaty on the Beijing, and soon the Anglo-French is pulled out of Beijing, this time of the look, is a marvelous thing, because the Anglo-French Bingqiangmazhuang, can do in Beijing. Imperial hub seems to understand that foreigners come to China, and not when the Emperor, sitting there, and the Chinese civilization for thousands of years of 「introduction world view 」 completely different. Then preside over the foreign work in respectful gongqinwang Xin, began to advocate abandoning 「introduction blind exclusion "and" blind obedience Shung-」 extreme attitude, ideas from the military on learning from the West. The first step is 「introduction borrow Division helps suppress 」, foreigners guns down the Taiping civil strife, a group of foreign soldiers, the ocean would become the Qing Government of mercenaries. Explanation: the early autumn of 1860, the Imperial Court, very hard, September the southern 「introduction of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rebellion 」,-Wang xiucheng rate of soldiers to lay siege to Shanghai. September 21 March to Beijing, the Anglo-French in Tongzhou Baliqiao encounter Qing army cavalry halt of Mongolia, but only two hours, this number, Mongolia Cavalry soldiers almost total collapse of the whole army. This battle, United Kingdom people use Hyams Metatron Cannon, and Qing army cavalry arms were matchlock gun, knife, spear, bow and arrow. At this point in Shanghai is responsible for the repression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of the two branches of power, one is just landed on the historical stage of Westernization movement leaders Li Hongzhang's Huai army in the hand, Lee was the first Governor of Jiangsu Province, the other is from Western Drifter, Philippines mercenaries and China desperadodesperado composition of foreign teams. Ong fly (scholars): Yang gun team actually is China's mercenaries, the Philippines, India, a few white people. This unit uses foreign ocean artillery armament, are desperadodesperado, a certain combat effectiveness. Zhangming (scholars): Taiping army also have guns, but the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is the fifth 2255 into military system, not suitable for this stuff, so foreign efficiency too Yang gun team so badly. Commentary: Li Hongzhang soon found that foreign teams while firing the powerful, but very difficult to limit, in order to control guns team, Li Hongzhang's turn to the United Kingdom Government, the United Kingdom Royal sappers Colonel Gordon is sent as toothfish team captain, at this point, the foreign teams have been renamed 「introduction glinting 」. Gordon and West mercenaries in desperadodesperado, is a well educated in the United Kingdom, was born in a United Kingdom Royal artillery officers families, focusing on the tactical training, his fight, always go to the front of the team, but did not bring any weapons, only carrying a civilization stick. Zhangming: is very strict, very conduct military technology is also good, then Gordon of toothfish team, most of the cattle is that it will be measured. This Chinese people simply can not do it, it will have the instrument. Explanation: in October 1861, Gordon in a letter to the United Kingdom's sister, saying, I love this country, this job, and the laid-back, in the United Kingdom, we are humble, in China, has a high, China's climate is very pleasant. Zhangming: later Gordon with Huai army cooperative engagement, last guns team into the Huai army, Huai Army training according to the earliest foreign teams trained to go. Explanation: the beginning, Li Hongzhang and Gordon get along just fine, but Li Hongzhang always owed 「introduction glinting 」 pay, want to compel 「introduction glinting 」 through looting to self-sufficiency, but Gordon soldiers led captivity captive, and replace it with a generous pay and bonuses. Gordon on several occasions to Li Hongzhang demanded their wages fail, furious, publicly accused the Li Hongzhang interception by the military. In 1863, 「introduction glinting 」 and Huai army besieged the town Taiping army in the South, has withdrawn the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Suzhou, 80, Li Hongzhang use bingqiangmazhuang down the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom will chengxue kai, taking the products of military attache as bait, to guard the Suzhou Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in eight cities, and their King. Pat King, let more skeptical and reputable United Kingdom people came forward to let both sides secured, and the United Kingdom were Gordon testified, and fold the arrow for the League. A few days later, Taiping army opens its gates, the Qing army to meet in, but they also stayed on the one hand, only make half the Castle, he also covers the other half, and in the city built roadblocks, case you are compromised. Ong fly: because it is (Taiping army) 100 drop all, about 50 000 people fighting strength of the four, up to half the city, Huai army in Huai army's main forces only twenty thousand, ten thousand people in it, ten thousand people outside the town, so it's a five-man, or a pair of 10 Ah. Explanation: in the evening, Li Hongzhang's Huai army will lay out in a four-door ambush, Li Hongzhang arrived in the city the next morning, the order to drop the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in eight interviewed the King, and said to be the spot to seal them as Deputy Commander, eight down the King was, happily went to the camp. I started suddenly sent emergency school soldiers, Li Hongzhang's official documents will take the opportunity to leave, just eight down King wine flushed, came in eight Samurai, each staffed with a set of top DAI Qing army official, said please adults changing swap top band. Eight people complacent to stand up, their hands on package solutions, beginning with ranches moment, eight Warrior hand knives, eight of my head was cut down to the ground. Li Hongzhang, chengxue Kai in zhusha eight down King, in Suzhou city big getaway will kill all the officers and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Had done in Suzhou outside the United Kingdom who witness, was informed that Ben Gordon a message after a great start. Ong fly: Gordon believes he is United Kingdom Royal Army officer to the Lutheran-first, the army did not kill the prisoners, people had to surrender, I am a witness, he felt that the British Empire officers face tremendous stigma and blustered holding a pistol to Li Hongzhang. Commentary: Li Hongzhang in Suzhou killed, national media, onlookers, officials in Beijing, on imperial punishment Li requestedChapter. Foreign consulates in Shanghai, on behalf of the great powers and foreign nationals, signed a resolution strongly condemns the murder of Li Hongzhang, lowered their kill is completely betrayed on human nature. And warned that it is likely that foreign powers will no longer help the Qing government and may be withdrawn for the Qing government war foreign soldiers and the ocean. United Kingdom Embassy in Army Commander Brown, also arrived from Shanghai, and Gordon discuss Kunshan from China hands retaking 「introduction glinting 」 control. Li Hongzhang to restore public opinion, to reward 「introduction glinting 」 silver 70 two, ten thousand two awards to Gordon himself, and to Shanghai in Britain, France and the United States Mission to kill drop, interpretation is China Suzhou, and Gordon is irrelevant. Soon, the Imperial Court to Li Hongzhang and Qing army brutality, make sure that their 「business as it is unreasonable, to hip 」. Zhangming: kill drop and not kill, actually has a Chinese background of moral support. For example I don't kill falling, because my word; I killed drop because you betrayed the original organization that is not-not filial. What can be said to administrator. Explanation: at the Imperial Court of reward, United Kingdom were Gordon blocked the damascenes, yellow Tulip with Peacock flower ling, the Qing Government also imitate Western style, give Gordon making a great gold medal. But Gordon said that after the capture of Suzhou has happened, I cannot accept any sign of appreciation of his Majesty the emperor. In order to reduce conflicts with Gordon, Li Hongzhang newspaper statement says 「introduction kill drop event 」 has nothing to do with Gordon and burying the killed Taiping army generals. In March 1864, Gordon finally forgave Li Hongzhang, two people meet evaded 「introduction kill drop event 」. In the United Kingdom Minister of persuasion, Gordon last although accepted the Qing government awards, but refused to Li Hongzhang 10 000 reward the two silver. In may, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province and finally the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in military stronghold subsided, Gordon is also ready to return to the United Kingdom. Ong fly: Gordon, who brought their United Kingdom denounced him not so hard to help Xiang Huai army, gang Li Hongzhang. He felt so that I can do it, and then announces his resignation. Li Hongzhang's heard the news, and immediately sent his deli ganjiang richang, within a week, quickly with 181 two silver put 「introduction glinting 」 dissolved, then it's all weaponry and moved into their own. Zhangming: Huai army at that time the highest degree of modernization, guns, including gun team, training, and even slogans are all in English. Commentary: Gordon, before returning to promote 20 to Li Hongzhang, he said that the Chinese people are foreign language, these people will deserves better than Chinese foreigners more opportunities; China should learn self-reliance, foreigners also can't help it; China 1 to Beijing as its capital, the day is not a war with foreign light, because Beijing too close from the estuaries, coastal, Ocean, China has no army can penetrate; China needs a telegraph, rectifying Haiphong, build their Navy. His proposal, the most shocking one is: there is no war but good as war meaning, both when beheaded. This is the Secretary of State on North Korea, Gordon 「introduction good talk is seiryu 」 style answers. Gordon concluded by saying that Chinese people easily make thrifty, fruit can coach, when to go weak. Li Hongzhang did not realize that these recommendations and predicted that the future was himself a practice and experience. Xiao-Nan: Li Hongzhang 44 years old, became the Qing State's youngest Governor. Dealing with foreigners as and most large Member, he said in the memorials, regardless of whether these aliens to do something, they all say the rules, though I cannot understand their motives. Gordon on Li Hongzhang's far-reaching, he provides a different from the traditional ethical value, is the spirit of contract. The equivalent of Western civilization. Li Hongzhang, more superstitious of material civilization in the West, especially the kin of Li Bing. 30 years later, Li Hongzhang to imitate the Navy system United Kingdom, established the Beiyang Navy, 1882, he was appointed United Kingdom naval officer, enamel, Wei Li for the Beiyang Navy total surveillance, responsible for training, new problems are generated. Commentary: enamel, Wei Li, 1843 was born in the United Kingdom, 14-year-old he entered the Royal Navy school United Kingdom, has since been in the United Kingdom Navy. Enamel, Wei Li, who is the first time, then in 1863 the United Kingdom to purchase of China from a fleet, enamel, Wei Li is responsible for escorting him now, and in 1877 the escort fleet in China, the British Minister Zeng Jize told Li Hongzhang, said Li-Wei Lang 「introduction honest peace, Humphreys to retain 」. Zhangming: very early into the naval school, graduated from the naval school, into the Navy, age very light is an old row. Explanation: the United Kingdom Government does not want his military service in the Chinese Navy until Ambassador Wade, Qing customs total tax Division United Kingdom people heard, multi-party deal only reluctantly agreed. Fraunhofer Wei Li a title to the Beiyang Navy, is Deputy damascenes, Deputy Commander, was entitled to Huai army generals Ding Yu Chang. Ding to honest, but do not understand the Navy business, so all the daily practice to lang-Wai. Zhangming: Ding Yu Chang is a Mr. potato head, did not understand what is an infantry, fleet at sea have always been in command of verse Wei Li, Ding Yu Chang is a political Commissar. Commentary: enamel, Wei Li in Beiyang Navy ship things all day restaurant, not since the time of relaxation, sometimes on the bathroom, also called a semaphore Telegraph order. He carefully in accordance with United Kingdom Navy regulations training drills Beiyang Navy, day and night, shizu disembarkation difficulties, no one dared make mistakes. Once, his late Ming warning exercises, will smell is put on clothing and police, carry out their duties, leisurely, Beiyang Navy training reached its peak. Fraunhofer Wei Li also according to international practice, formulating and foreign naval communication etiquette, expanding the influence of the Chinese Navy. Gold Moon (memoirs of the late Qing Empire author): northern fleet from Fraunhofer Wei Li, management is still very strict, then there is a word called, not afraid of Ding Jun 「introduction doorsFear of lang forces door 」. Zhangming: and he is very professional, very stringent. To what extent strictly? is that those students who are not satisfied with. Those who go abroad, foreign students abroad when you can rule out, to domestic suddenly started to play. It has a defect that China has to literature, light, civil status, scholar-officials wear long sleeves. But as a soldier, uniformed and leads a monotonous life. So they are affected by this impact, return home began to wear long sleeves, horse or riding, going to sit by sedan chair, so they wouldn't lang Wei Li. Explanation: in may 1886, alcohol Prince patrol read Beiyang to Fraunhofer Wei Li training grant active, 2 the Sambo stars, and enjoy the damascenes awards. Li Hongzhang in messages also often use 「introduction damascenes title Luong Wei Li ' or ' Dinka, verse 2 damascenes 」 title. In the Northern Navy's official documents, enamel, Wei Li is also the title of 「introduction damascenes 」. Zhangming: enamel, Wei Li was also high in China, the damascenes advancement is the Admiral. He said: I am the Deputy Commander of the fleet, the following is the Liu Buchan, Liu Buchan is the title of Commander. Commentary: 1890 spring, northern fleet cruise to Hong Kong, the damascenes Ding Yu Chang from matter from the ship, ship-to-tube 「introduction Dingyuan 」 with right-wing Commander Liu Buchan, in accordance with the rules of the Navy, lowered the damascenes flag, the flag hoisted, suggesting that Commander will be his to the fleet. Fraunhofer Wei Li met very displeased, he went to ask Liu Buchan, Ding Yu Chang's gone, I still, I am also the damascenes, entitled How can take down the flag? Buchan Liu graduated from the United Kingdom naval school, he would look at the ocean damascenes, coupled with the army for 威 from, lang has written to Li Hongzhang, Ricoh introduced 「introduction soldiers boat tube driver, who should not be dedicated min 」, everyone was on him to resent. So Liu Buchan questioned on enamel is not done, call lang Wei Li, Li Hongzhang had this is the famous 「introduction withdrawal flag event 」. Gold Moon: because northern fleet at that time, many-to-ship following some officers are fellow, relatives and friends. Is the human society, it is reflected in the northern fleet. Commentary: Li Hongzhang shield Chinese, he made it clear that the Beiyang Navy official only a damascenes, two soldiers, the damascenes, nature should be determined by the Commander with the boat, lang just understand that dominates the reason, he's the damascenes is only an honor, and no real power. Zhangming: enamel, Wei Li-think of themselves as the Beiyang Navy commander, don't think I'm a consultant. Western officials have employment (hire lounge) ethics, where I do, I'm your man, I'll give you. Of course, if his home country, to tell you the conflict, he must have headed home. But before that, without this problem, so he is loyal to their employers. Commentary: back to Tianjin, enamel, Wei Li to Li Hongzhang represents too embarrassed, if you do not give him the damascenes real power, work will continue. Li Hongzhang had been taboo army outsiders, his impulse, the resignation of Fraunhofer Wei Li allowed. Zhang recently (the collision and Western civilization's author): he has such a shadow, he is not willing to let you control the army, he particularly sensitive to this issue. Commentary: lang Wei Li-back to the United Kingdom, will tell the people in China to be insulted, London Minister Xue fucheng feel things wrong, the Telegraph asked Li Hongzhang has no room for maneuver, Li Hongzhang back road, 「introduction Chinese Navy says it is for the damascenes, lang polite term 」, he said 「introduction to cannot be affected by this threat 」. Zhangming: Li Hongzhang do the Beiyang Navy, one of the biggest problems, fear of losing power, I had to look to you, you get Deputy headed, what should I do? I first learn, learn, I must 「introduction of 」. Then one is 「introduction to controlling 」, let you pin down, he is the old play this set manipulation. Zhang just: modern China's biggest problem is that it never felt worse than others, the heavenly powers, all ethnicities, ripe. Emperor at that time, people have completed the industrial revolution. Commentary: United Kingdom man lang Wei Li was forced to resign and let the United Kingdom Government very embarrassing, they think that the Chinese Government did not give a decent explanation. 1890 on 4 November, the United Kingdom rejected Li Hongzhang to engage United Kingdom human Beiyang Navy Adviser request, withdrew all the Chinese naval officers in the United Kingdom, announced that no longer accept the Chinese Navy students went to the United Kingdom to study. At the same time, Japan was in the United Kingdom who used his naval training, responsible for the construction of Navy Japan United Kingdom Royal Navy British Colonel Angus later recalled that Japan Government has letter presented him to the nobility, enable him to have sufficient powers and status of the command of the army. Zhangming: Japan in fact than we learn later, but it did, until after the Sino-Japanese war, they are in fact the United Kingdom coach, this verse Wei Li, has the power, not just people 1890, single-handedly. Commentary: when Japan Navy people in the United Kingdom's education, gradually independent travel, European military retirement with dignity. But Japan, adhere to the United Kingdom people out of the way, they not only make the fleet remained British Gus left, but better. Zhangming: China always think independently. The time was ripe for a more independent, when the time is not ripe, ahead of independence, the result is too much trouble. At that time the Beiyang Navy is guilty of this habit. Therefore, subsequent training started to play now. And Japan until war with China, the United Kingdom did not go. coach Commentary: 1890, Shanghai English newspaper beihua got on the resignation of Fraunhofer Wei Li published three editorial called foreign officers unless ignored the dedicated to due diligence, and is willing to cooperate with China officer connive, otherwise it would have been anti-bogey, conspiracy and marginalization, Ricoh has now lang Wei, Chinese Navy 「introduction chaos Carnival 」 is about to begin. July 1886, Beiyang Navy of 「introduction Dingyuan, 「introduction zhenyuan 」 four ships, by the way, Korea to return to Japan, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Port overhaul on European and American warships have long been commonplace, but ironclad warship from China was first seen, pier was packed with spectators crowd. Japan fleet commander DongxiangHeihachiro, also from the United Kingdom in the Navy came back, and there will be the Northern called classmates honors, thus also den warship to visit. Li lidong Jun (scholars): Japan began very afraid of, visited later he said, I felt very confident that I could beat China. Why? when he saw us warships, drying on the cannon is the soldier pants. Japan Guide: Asahi Shimbun, 「introduction Ching navies phenomenon 」-reported perception, the deck was revered as the mess of that forbore, deck scattered with leftover food, sailors language is not the whole ... 13 August, Chinese sailors on shore leave, travel to Nagasaki, a town hall in search of happiness, conflicts, Japanese police one was hurt the Chinese soldiers. Two days later, there are hundreds of Chinese sailors on shore, and the Japanese police clash, Japan, the Chinese people's siege of the Beiyang Navy proud soldiers badly, five people died, back to the boat, they will gun aimed at Japan. Ong fly: so 「introduction Dingyuan "," the zhengyuan 」 to Nagasaki, Japan country very fear, in Nagasaki, our sailors on shore and Japan became one, and then went rogue and Japan in international court litigation, won. Explanation: the strength of Japan was limited, but to compensate an apology. But from then on, be sure to win 「introduction Dingyuan 」 become Japan naval slang, and even school children games are divided into two groups, a group dressed Chinese fleet, another group making Japan fleet, capture 「introduction Dingyuan "," the zhengyuan 」. 「Cold Nagasaki event 」 reflects the mood of the Japan civil, also reflecting the Beiyang Navy military discipline loosened, soldiers of arrogance. But Li Hongzhang, he said, the Warrior is a lustful nature, but can aspire to success, naturally I rope length. Gold Moon House: some soldiers to go to Hong Kong training, frequently to shore revelry, prostitution. Does it affect the operations, Li Hongzhang did not think so, he felt that the sailors are barbarians, this is the section, as long as you can fight, you can. Zhangming: actual we defeated system, at that time, the Qing dynasty did not want to change the system, just type in the patch. Including the Beiyang Navy are exposed to attack by the Chinese army's past outfit, nepotism, play now, Ah, Ah, the whole exercise show system is old, will be new to overthrow. Explanation: the Sino-Japanese war, the destruction of the Beiyang Navy almost the whole army, stigma of Shimonoseki let Li Hongzhang back the history of infamy. Zhangming: the Beiyang Navy very strange, I think it's procession route is along the Chinese coast, a Navy, you die to die in the sea to Ah, right? do you have to find it, the result is Japan people to find us here. Navy from Fraunhofer Wei Li away, really is a big step backward. Commentary: 1896, sjtu stepped down from the political arena of Li Hongzhang's trip to Europe and the United States came to the United Kingdom, made a special trip to Gordon's grave wreath, 1885, Gordon in Sudan was killed on the Governor's Office. The tomb at Gordon, Li Hongzhang with mixed feelings, those unhappy already weakened, Li Hongzhang to remember all those wonderful memories. Today's old friend pass away, but he built on the reform of China, Li Hongzhang still ringing in my ears had a 73-year-old, he was powerless to do anything. Xiao-Nan: Gordon name Charles, pronunciation here and 「introduction Chinese 」 very much alike, the United Kingdom were also called Gordon as 「introduction Chinese Gordon 」. In Yi Xin Li Hongzhang's auspices of Westernization movement, the Qing government employment (hire lounge), a large number of foreign experts, especially in the military, foreign monks will pray. Like Gordon, enamel, Wei Li et al., in their own country's history is unknown, but in modern Chinese history, it was special. Because the later evaluation of their values, history, plus national sentiment inclusions which, even today, referring to those who served in China too foreign soldiers and the ocean is, we still feel complex.