United Kingdom-"lightning" type double, single-seat all-weather fighter _ small fish

The process history "lightning" type double, single-seat all-weather fighter was first by the United Kingdom, to pure supersonic research design and development of the machines, and later to the symbols into practical P-1 supersonic fighters into further development. December 1952, the first swept wing experimental prototype realization of first flight. Its maximum design medical malpractice lawyers new york disneyland discount tickets_hong kong beijing_chinese english translatorfeatures in the latter part of the fuselage in the two El Timor Jet engine ingenuity and is from top to bottom overlap Setup (in the upper part of a higher number, but the cockpit you "ride" at the top of the fuselage of inlet through). This machine uses the straight nose inlet that in later fighter-type circular air intake Central has a built-in fire control radar fixed adjustable cone. The aircraft's wing design is also quite unique: leading edge sweep 60 degrees, and the band gap (as Eddy-current generator), trailing edge along the vertical plane perpendicular to the direction to each cut, this wing plane shape in the world is unique. But more interesting was the aircraft's fuel tanks or missile was Vice-President, high in the "help" in the wings above the surface of the gallows, the cast is required for use of ejection. This aircraft can be equipped with the front fuselage 2 door ' before boarding, can hang the fuselage side two fire-type or red head missile, belly of various dimensions of streamlined SAC-Conformal pod, which is used to set the body already laid down by the arms and oil, like a drop of large belly, pods of the first half of a nest or can be mounted rocket Cannon, a weapon, the latter part is used for fuel. This is the "lightning"-style fighter three appearance characteristics. "Lightning" type double, single-seat all-weather fighter, but also decades of United Kingdom developed and put into production only a supersonic fighter, from discovery to formally with forces generally experienced a 10-year period, the total output of up to 300. "Lightning" development work started in 1949. Back in March, the United Kingdom supply Department published the diurnal F23/49 supersonic fighter design requirements. March 1950, and the United Kingdom electric (it was later incorporated in the United Kingdom aircraft company) has signed a development contract, decided to develop 3 for testing of prototype P-1A. The power unit is selected as 2: Saffir-type turbine jet engine, a single thrust of 5000 kg. The first prototypes in August 1954, 1955, flight test has reached the maximum speed of Mach 1.53. 3 prototypes, a total of 2 for test flight, one for static testing. In 1954, the military decided P-1 as an interceptor fighter, 24 hours a day and night for the redesign, development 3 arrangement, i.e. P-1B prototypes. The power plant to use P-1B thrust larger El Timor 200 zones of afterburning turbojet engine, single afterburning thrust up to 6545 kg. At the same time, the nose inlet from "xiantao round"-shaped into a round, and its central location increases the fixed hub cone for later installation of radar. First P-1B October 1957, entering the test flight in November of 1958, the flight of the first to reach Mach 2. The same year, P-1B was officially shaping, and renamed the "lightning" F.1 (which means "the" lightning "aircraft fighting uses the first modification"). November 1956, United Kingdom Royal Air Force officially put forward the "lightning" fighter of the production order, decides to start producing 20 pre production. After 1958 the second order, made to 1970 completely cut off, "lightning"-style fighter total r the following 10 remodeled. "Lightning" F.1 and F.1A this is the "lightning"-single seat supersonic interceptor head a production-oriented. Top 20 pre-production-mainly for the development of test and evaluation forces, its maiden flight in April 1958. The first production in October 1954, 1960 7 test flight was officially delivered to the forces that created a total of 40 aircraft. Aircraft and has the same Powertrain and P-1B. But already in the air intake Center cone contains 1 El Paz company Mk.1-intercept and fire control radar. Machine is equipped with 2 door 30 mm Arden cannon. 2 PCs of domestic light fire type infrared air-to-air missile and control device is installed on a removable installation in the belly of the streamline shape ordnance gondola RI ("lightning" aircraft, one of the greatest characters), it can and another with only 2 doors Arden artillery ordnance class interchangeably. "Lightning" F.1A and F.1 difference is increased by a UHF radio; in the left wing forward ramp is installed below the stretch of air refueling bar, can be used for refuelling; and the fuselage sides increase a root exposure of cable duct. "Lightning" F.2 and F.2A this is improved F.1A, single seat interceptor. Mainly improves engine afterburning systems, increased the aircraft's flight and flight speed, with more advanced electronic equipment, comprehensive dashboard and liquid oxygen personal respiratory. First F.2 in July 1961, total manufacturing 40 test flight. One of the 30 frame then they were converted into F.2A, four were converted into F.52 (two-digit modification) for export. External feature is F.2A its vertical tail tip from semicircular changed to square, and increased the belly pod's size and volume, wings bend increases, and with and carrier-based aircraft similar landing hook. "Lightning" F.3 this is improved F.2, single seat interceptor. Engine into 2 sets: Saffir 300 afterburning thrust, the single has been increased to 7420 kg. And cancelled the airborne gun, became popular in the so-called "pure missile attack fighter" (and the United States's fairly F-4 ghosts II). It is in addition to equipment light fire type air-to-air missiles, you can change the linked two red head type air-to-air missiles. To increase the transfer field trip over each side wings can carry with a volume as a Deputy of 1182 liter fuel tank (that weird and unique wing above the carrying belt Deputy tank manner really only applies to subsequent F.6). The first mechanism for development of F.3 first flying in 1961, the first productionJune 1962, the first flew a total of 58 aircraft manufacturing. "Lightning" T.4 a two-seater trainer-fighting side by side (United Kingdom are particularly fond of side-by-side two-seater training aircraft). Prototype in 1959, the first flight, production in 1962, delivery units. Its yield very little air force each squadron usually equipped with 1-2. Export of Sudan in 1966. "Lightning" T.5F.3 fighter-by-side two-seater trainer type. First in flight test in March 1962, 1965, began delivery units, only made a small quantity production. "Lightning" F.6 original called "lightning" F.3A, is the improved F.3, a single intercepting fighters. The main improvement is that the outer section of the wing leading edge widened so that swept angle slightly reduced, and with a taper of reverse, it can significantly reduce the subsonic resistance, thereby increasing the voyage. In addition, belly with a pod, then half of the fuel volume than the original pod doubled, and in front of the pod with 2 door 30 mm cannon, and on the back end with two below can increase the stability of a supersonic direction of pelvic fins. And added a hook for landing gear. The first prototypes in flight test in April 1964, production in December 1965, the total production units equipped with 67 aircraft. This modification is the "lightning"-the most important modification of a fighter. "Lightning" F.53 to adapt the requirements of the times, from the "lightning" F.6 intercepting fighters converted multi-purpose aircraft, but only for export. It increases under the wing of a gallows, can carry a variety of bombs and rocket launch nest. Belly pod in other can carry air-to-air missiles, Cannon, rocket launch nest and reconnaissance camera equipment. Sudan and Kuwait air force are its users. First in flight test in November 1966, 1967 December delivery, total production was 46. "Lightning" T.55 and this is the "lightning" T.5 trainer of export-oriented. For Sudan and of Kuwait, supporting production and delivery in 1967. Aerodynamic "lightning"-style fighter aerodynamic configuration, rare used and the Soviet Union the same head intake layout, its nose cone AirpassA123S type installed in single-pulse fire control radar, as well as the standard fighter light Gunsight, radar distance greater than 56 km, the scope of positive and negative direction of 45 degrees. Use the back edge of the cut triangle single drain and bottom position of the horizontal tail layout, 2 engine and arrange in the fuselage, the entire fuselage area distribution conforms to the requirements in the area of law. "Lightning"-style fighter wing is a cantilever on single drain. Use United Kingdom electric self-developed ASN/P1/3 basic airfoils. Leading edge average swept angle is 60 degrees and the rear edge of the sweep angle of 52 degrees, relative thickness of about 5%. In order to improve the flow of the wings there is a gap, it functions as Eddy-current generator. Wing adopts all-metal five beam torsional box-shaped structure, its aluminium alloy top and bottom skin thickness of about 5 mm. In the main landing gear Bay Office used corrugated plate sandwich structure of wall covering, the left wing in the fuselage centerline of docking at the central wing rib. The inner side of the wing box as integral fuel tank, outside the main landing gear. The wings of the aileron rectangular, with "angle compensation" and is located in the wing of the back edge of the lateral straight, and the body of the vertical axis vertical, the use of hydraulic booster operation. Large areas of single flap in the following partial (down), parallel to the longitudinal axis to move the fuselage, but also by the hydraulic drive. In addition, the flap and front edge of the wing are used inside the fuel tank. "Lightning"-type fuselage cross-section shape fighters close to vertical rectangular, vertical contour almost all straight. But its cross-sectional area along the fuselage longitudinal distribution almost do not change. In the belly, there is a "lightning"-style fighter's unique shape pod (i.e., the abdominal pouch-pods), and the fuselage belly smooth transition, the resistance is reduced to a minimum. Pod 1/3 of the former is generally used for placement of ordnance, then 2/3 is used to hold the fuel exhaustion, it can truly be said of craft. Machine body adopts all-metal half-hard shell structure. After the fuselage above, vertical tail forward install two hydraulic actuation of deceleration. "Lightning"-style fighter wing structure using cantilever full metal, flat tail tip and rudder with honeycomb structure. Monolithic-type full-motion flat position at the end of the installation is very low, to avoid the wing's wake. The horizontal tail leading edge sweep angle is 60 degrees, and is similar to the wing. Its area is almost equal to the rear of the wing root of that gap. The top of the vertical tail was flat square corner shape (only early model for semicircular). "Lightning"-style fighter tail did not consider using tab. All control surfaces were used to drive hydraulic booster. "Lightning"-style fighter planes landing gear with retractable front three-point method and uses the single-wheel structure. The main landing gear to foreign income received on the wing, timing rounds must be shifted to 60 degrees. The nose landing gear on the ground cannot manipulate the Steering, the after take-off within the head forward earnings. Aircraft main landing gear with actuator plate brake and anti-skid devices. In addition during the latter part of the fuselage of a diameter of 4.88 m deceleration umbrellas and a landing. "Lightning" fighter of the power plant has multiple, F.3, F.6 and F.55 installed 2 El Timor-300 series afterburning turbojet engine, its single non-afterburning thrust to 5750 kg, afterburning thrust-7400-7420 kg thrust-weight ratio 43.2 cattle/kg. And on top of one of the installation location is below one later, they share a inlet. Fuel major fit on wing torsion box of internal parts, wings and flaps. F.6 and F.55 's pod (abdominal pouch-pods) volume of the tank has been increased to 2720, traveling and thus increase 20%. When the transition is also on the wingTo "carrying belt" two hander in the bracket with the Vice of 1182 litres capacity fuel tank. "Lightning" type aircraft cockpit with turbocharging and air-conditioning installations, Martin · Baker company BS4-CMK-2-ejection seat with height and the 0 167 km/h over the speed of ejection. Canopy streamlined, with two-stage open cabin configuration after hinge. "Lightning"-style fighter systems and equipment includes the following equipment: cabin pressurization and emergency oxygen supply system. It's the pressure differential 0.28 kg/cm2. Power supply for a 29 kVA AC generator, a 28-volt direct current generators and 28 volt battery pack. Equipped with and highly maintained and instrument landing system cross-linking of the autopilot. Communications equipment is UHF-VHF transceiver and an alternate UHF radio. The aircraft's navigation equipment for the TACAN navigation system, UHF homing device, IFF devices, instrument landing system and the system of radio beacons and drop indicator and so on. The replacement of equipment and very high frequency radio, VHF Omni-directional radio beacon, compass etc. Nose cone AirpassA123S type installed in single-pulse fire control radar, as well as the standard fighter light Gunsight. Radar range greater than 56 km, the scope of positive and negative direction of 45 degrees. "Lightning"-style fighter armament and varied, but the basic used in air combat. Its shooting firearms in F.1 and F.2 modification for 2 door 30 mm cannon, and Arden in F.53, F.6 and remodel F.55 three is cancelled. However in the belly of the pod can be installed within the preceding 2 door with elastic-120 of Arden gun, of course, can only fuel. Pod of the preceding paragraph may be replaced by other forms of the preceding paragraph may be available in all other cases, such as ordnance in that it can carry two 50.8 mm unguided rocket projectile (total with 44 PCs) launch the nest, or 5 Vinten360-70 mm camera, or a night-time line-scan cameras and equipment. 2 pieces of light or red head type air-to-air missile is usually hung on the front of the fuselage sides of the horizontal arm. 2 under the wing of a gallows can all hang a 454 kg conventional bombs, or 2 Matra-155-rocket launch nest, or 2 PCs on photography, lighting Flash bombs. Left-wing above the stand apart from the "hanging" 2 more go field dedicated to Deputy tank may choose to carry 2 454 kg-bomb, or 2 Matra-155-rocket launch nest. Technical parameters wingspan: 10.61 m Captain: 16.81 m machine high: 5.97 m wing area: 44.08 square main track: 3.89 m normal take-off weight: 18000- 19000 kg maximum takeoff weight: 21770 kg empty weight: 13400 kg air combat weight: 16600 kg machine with oil capacity: 3800 kg air combat thrust-weight ratio: 8.7 cattle/kg Max wing loading: 494 kg/m2 maximum use Overload: 7.0 maximum level flight speeds: 2335 km/hour (11000 m height), equivalent to Mach 2.2; or 1200 km/h (sea level), equivalent to Mach 0.95 maximum allowable table speed: 1250 km/hour maximum cruising speed: 957 km/hour (11000-12000 m height) horizontal acceleration: 210 seconds (height 11000 m, Mach 1.0 2.0) maximum climb rate: 254 m/s (sea level) utility l limit: 18300 m combat radius: 370- 830 km cross-country voyage: 2040 km takes off running distance: 800 m landing running distance: 780 m.