Cat outdoors hiking _

Introduction to hikers, also known as hiking, walking, hiking or walking, is not usual for a walk, can be understood as "long walk", also contains "the mountains of long walks". It is not a sports competition in the race, which is purposeful in city suburbs, rural or wilderness between walk long distances in training, walking is the most typical outdoor sports and one of the most common. Due to the short distance hiking activities easier, do not need too sophisticated techniques and equipment, often considered a leisure activity. In China is not a very popular sport, and even some people think that does not belong to the activities of young people, just some 「introduction old cake 」 will like the stuff, and because excursions doesn't stimulate, even boring, so many people bother to try these activities. So when people encountered while hiking, are foreigners or middle-aged, rarely encounter young people. China's young people do on the hiking this campaign has quite a few misconceptions. In fact, as a sport, hiking has its unique characteristics. First of all, hiking and does not require special skills, but also do not have to take the time to learn, with feet and able to walk. Of course, go hiking must have experienced people leading the way, otherwise it will be much more dangerous; and inexperienced hikers also injured will be larger, but compared to other sports, hiking opportunities are very slightly injured, even if the injury is not serious. In addition, hiking is not a need for a large amount of exercise of the activity, participants can according to their ability to adjust the pace, so it is suitable for different physical fitness. Also, hiking is a persistent campaign embarked on at least several hours to complete, so hiking can effectively exercise heart and lung function and leg muscles. More importantly you can exercise to one's stamina and endurance, this is not a lot of movement can do, because a lot of movement of participants can choose to give up at any time; however, in the hiking, once you start is very difficult to give up, because many hiking routes are some of the mountain, in addition to foot walk, there is no other way to go, so you can make some people who do not have the willpower to finish it, but will also increase the confidence of the people of this class, so that they know they have the ability to complete a long hike. While hiking is a very healthy leisure activities, first of all, the hiking routes are usually in the suburbs, daily life in the downtown area, we have a lot of smoke inhalation, during the holidays to while hiking, some fresh air, enjoy the beautiful view, not only on health, health promotion, better able to relieve the pressure of everyday life, to increase the joy of life. In addition, in the city life, we often remain in the jungle, have little opportunity to recognize the wildlife. Through hiking, go to different places in the suburbs, not only to enjoy the scenery, but also access to the different animals and plants, recognizing the different ecological environments, without losing a great civic education. Sahara hiking hiking team from Tunisia in Vaduz, each group of 8 to 10 people, travel days of approximately 50 km per day, accompanied by a local guide. 35-year-old information engineer Mark • Casterman said: "desert scenery can make you forget about the world of noise. In the big sand dunes on the road, you will find sand is entranced. Of course, you have to be careful to avoid sand dunes move themselves were buried here. " Hiking hiking, on the basis of classification across the different regions can be divided into suburban, rural, mountainous, jungle, desert wasteland, the snow and glacier, Grand Canyon, Plains, mountains, great wall, the ancient road, grass, Lake, River, and so many classification on foot. But hiking in most cases is in suburban and rural schools. According to the distance of 15 km, usually as a short hiking in 15 ~ 30 km, described as the distance hiking in the 30 km long distance hiking above become. Tips for hikers hiking, going on long distance hiking, usually need to wear special hiking shoes to protect the soles of the feet, the section emphasizes the physical training of hiking activities also require hikers weight 10-15 kg of material. Hiking enthusiasts and other outdoor sports enthusiasts, also known as "Alice". 【 Hiking considerations 】 security carefully plan and are familiar with the route of the journey, which should include the withdrawal of routes and transit transport arrangements. Each hiking hiking experience should be knowledgeable and familiar with the route of the tour guide. If a large number of hiking in the team, other hiking experience would assist, approximately 10 players should have an Assistant Manager. Choose a clear roadmap of trails. Do not own Abbot or the construction of another way to avoid lost pointing or accidents. Do not overexert hikers must know the physical strength and health, their financial capacity. Do not separate out hiking, so as to avoid the lack of care. The ideal is four or more pilgrimages. Also avoid hiking team has too many people, so that the team leader to care. Health to the outskirts of play, picnic, should ensure that personal and public health, Gu JI and people. Should adequate rest before starting, make sure that the spirit and good health. Wash your hands before eating, or disinfection wipes clean. When using the toilet, to take into account the public morality, maintain around clean, dirty place own cleanup. When sneezing or coughing cover nose as far away as possible from the crowd. Rural areas may not be everywhere there is water supply, please bring along disinfection wipes, to ensure that personal hygiene. Do not spit or littering, offenders may be prosecuted. Should reduce the production of waste. Never leave your garbage piled up country should bring to the major RCPs disposal do not share personal items such as towels, lip, and free of contagious disease. 【 Hiking safety measures 】 field crisis 1. Safety factor depends on excellent hiking tips l walking can be said to be an important part of the trip, so the first note is foot health, in the journey, every day you should replace the socks and clean foot. Do not wear the new hiking shoes, because new hiking shoes will be hard, cause the foot causing discomfort, wearing two pairs of socks protect podiatrists is also very important. If your journey is difficult, it will not wear hiking boots or shoes are not, are not the best shoes for hiking supplies. L maintaining a certain speed, don't go too fast or too slow, the first day's itinerary should be better thanShorter, should not be more than 15 km. L along the path, gratuitous self innovation road and adventure only would cause a hazard, do not walk along streams, because streams will disappear with groundwater. In addition, sudden rain will cause rivers unchecked, might lead to walk in the streams of hikers walking obstacle. L as activities carried out in the summer, in order to prevent violent solar radiation resulting from the significant shortage of water, can fight for more rest at noon l if necessary at night adventure or catch the NAK, should wear a fresh color of clothing and bright flashlight, facing the might of the ivory from the front of the vehicle l do not forget to come, so when you get lost very important 2. Generally hiking accident causes and prevention of accidents, a. absolutely not because of bad luck and cause unexpected reasons typically have the following points: l careless l capacity for self estimation error (including fitness and skill) l the lack of observation capability (on the environment and team-mate of emotional and psychiatric) l full group collaborative l on poor, there may be a lack of awareness of the crisis is not well thought out l l plan insufficient equipment b. accident prevention to avoid accidents, be sure to have a detailed plan, perfect preparation, correct judgment, sufficient skills and good team work. Plans: l do not overestimate your ability to consider activities during l of weather conditions and the environment when the budget time l, consideration should be given to the Sun and the high tide of time, and need to take into account the result of accidents or delays and loss of time understanding teammate, l want to learn more about their cooperation capacity, physical ability, skills and experience, not on a separate line, secure the minimum number is four plans after l ready enough equipment l road map and the itinerary, a member of the notification of the details, such as parents, police, teachers and organizations. If the plan has been subsequently amended, are also required to immediately inform the relevant person. C. before: l check equipment are complete l Chu know journey of routes and the area of rescue station, police station, location and phone number l know teammate of physical and emotional condition l note the weather. In the event of the issuance of a thunderstorm warning, suspension, or above, typhoon signal should cancel the trip l notification during l d. team should always together, do not let the team members individually in advance, after, or the distance that the spirit of his teammates, emotional and physical ability, and mutual care l note weather, bad weather, you should immediately terminate the journey back home or as soon as possible to the latest safety alert after along the l's place, if there are doubts on the trails, you should stop moving forward, keep calm and cautious judgment correctly route l do not cut corners or in steep downhill pace to nature and l have laws, you do not run down, walking in the gravel roads need special care 3. various weather safety measures may face hazards and preventive measures and treatment methods: l due to heating of the trauma caused by the human body temperature is maintained at a temperature of 37 ° c is due to the body to produce and absorption of thermal energy and thermal features a considerable adjustment. Human metabolism and muscle games produce a lot of heat, the average daily production between 2000 and 5000 calories. A small amount of solar thermal conduction through radiation and, by the human body absorption, essential to excessive heat expelled from the body to maintain normal body temperature. The heat is distributed by the skin surface, as the blood through the movement of the muscle or tissue, the heat absorption, and when the blood flow to the skin surface, heat conduction through convection and heat accelerated manner. Another way to speed up the waste heat is evaporate, when Khan at the skin surface, requires a large amount of thermal energy in to evaporation, cannot be expelled from the body, the human body produces. Heat prostration heat prostration l is a hot environment for long time work, due to extensive heat expelled from the body, skin surface blood vessels to the brain swelling and other vital organs arising from inadequate blood supply. Adapt to the environment, water, salt, etc. can easily lead to heat exhaustion. Patients initially feel dizzy, heartbeat, then there is nausea, vomiting, headaches, anxiety, and other phenomena, finally lost consciousness, the most obvious symptoms are not necessarily high body temperature, or even lower than normal, the color of the skin. L sunstroke heat stroke is due to perspiration insufficiency, often long term in a hot environment, sweat gland function will diminish or even pause so that the body heat cannot be expelled from the body. Heat stroke in patients with early, will find it very hot will soon feel intoxicated, uncoordinated, and finally lost consciousness, obvious symptoms is the temperature in the 105 degrees F above, heat and sweat-free skin, so necessary for heat stroke patients immediate medical treatment. High temperature to the brain is a serious trauma treatment principle is for patients in the heat, can be placed in cold water, if the situation is very serious, or patients with a towel, then uses the fan heatsink for patients, where work required rapidly, because patients can in a short time of death. Add salt to pay attention to place: many people believe that in the summer games make insufficient internal salt body, so in the summer often added salt, usually a normal diet can add salt wastage. At a high temperature non-stop work for more than three to four days before they need extra supplement, salt water, so there should be a way to supplement the brine must not be ingested by salt cake, as this will cause stomach discomfort. Preventing heat injury in l hot working environment, the loss of moisture is very much, so try to add moisture and salt, misconception is 「cold draw too much water causes the body's salt and mineral loss, so it is best not to drink lots of water 」! the correct method is to add the loss of moisture and mineral, moisture deficiency can lead to heat stroke and collapse phenomenon that should, as far as possible, in a cool place to work or in streams, avoid at noon and after two to four hours of strenuous exercise, avoidance of rabbit wear impermeable clothes such as plastic, heart disease, diabetes and onset of high fever patients more easily lead to heat stroke, collapse phenomenon, pay special attention. L temperature low, heavy rain or strong wind will cause exposure to reason: dress, and hunger. Symptoms: sleepCold and unresponsive, dazzle, complaining, disoriented, walk West down, Cambodia crooked cramps and shaking phenomenon. Prevention: wear adequate clothes, in the rest, you should avoid the cool plus clothing, eat sufficient food to avoid hunger. Address: allow patients in a short rest, air more clothes (but not too much) and the patient is placed into the salivary bag, boiled drinks to patients (coma will be unavailable to the diet). But never use heating method (such as warm water bags, etc.), this would make a sudden expansion in patients with blood vessel, which has pumped out some of the blood within the Organization, resulting in a sharp drop in body temperature and blood yan. L fog or heavy rain causes lost prevention: outside the fog area, find out the location of their own, often distinguished surroundings and determine the location. Handling: keep calm, as far as possible seek road. But if the player strength or not sure whether the road traffic, it should stop, seek appropriate place to sleep, the team member should be as close as possible to, in order to avoid loss. Emergency food to eat, eat, several times and instant issue save for signals. L thunderstorms can cause Lei Yan Hong Kong in the spring and summer of ask, would often occurs cumulonimbus, while thunderstorms often bring heavy rainfall, the Phoenix mountain, Tsai and Lamma Island, travel lodge occurs is the tragedy of death Thunderbolt, in the South China coast cumulonimbus cloud is the most common cause of thunderstorm formation. The top one corporations anvil of a cumulonimbus cloud, there are numerous water points or hail moved up and down, to cloud the parts have different charges, when the voltage rises per ten thousand volts it party centimeters, a huge Sparks, between flickering in the clouds or hit to the ground. Thunderstorms and lightning, who was in a direct hit, the chances of survival. Thunderbolt General selects high steep mountain ridges tip or grave from the hills of trees, but the Thunderbolt the enormous current, do not touch points immediately disappear, but along the ground recently conductor passes successively less bulk, and then, in the mountain ridges on the surface of the opportunities the current injury much lower than that of being a thunderbolt. To current touch different parts of the body will cause varying degrees of damage, for example: If the left hand ground current flowing through your right hand makes dirty, spinal cord and other major organs of serious injuries, but the same electric current flows from the top of the knee can not hurt. In the issuance of a warning or observed thunderstorm cumulonimbus cloud gradually formed immediately away from the mountain top, ridges are not stuck in trees and telephone poles, lamppost or high voltage power lines and towers, cannot hide in shallow pit cavities or rock, as there's home should be quick to take refuge, if and to avoid hiding in seven to ten meters high in the hills near the ground, hands, feet, squatting in insulated objects or rubble, if carrying metal bracket rucksack, metal frame with flat on the ground, then squat on it, because the high conductivity of metal, the current will after this quickly dispersed, do not sit or squat on the ground, try to keep the body dry. Team members should not be squat in the same location to avoid, in case of accident, safe and sound members can immediately first aid to injured persons. Current through the body can lead to sunburn, uncontrollable muscle contraction of the heart stops beating, brain intoxicated and stopped breathing, etc., in injury degree depends mainly on the Thunderbolt of amplitude, time and current is critical, where affected by mines and nephew of injured persons need constantly to mouth-to-mouth and external pressure, the wounded breath pause should continue fighting until the rescuers arrived at the scene. The history of the rescue, breathing pauses for a few hours, peer continuously artificial respiration and finally rescued. L rain causes deluge or landslide territory origin of rivers, streams are spread all over the country, many of the usual inconspicuous little Valley, in the summer after a rain instant go become very fast stream flow, never underestimate the stream after the rain, as long as the depth of functionality and the ankle, the Jet has to stand up. Deep knee, as large as cattle will be washed away. Heavy rain will Pro or rain after daybreak, not along the valleys, streams or low-lying forward, not to the diversion road he streams and dams to rabbit danger. In too steep or weathering eroded terrain, rain may occur after a landslide, the detour. 4. accident rescue l bite handling: n snake: makes the injured prostrate, light pierced wound upper n zhi Chu, centipede, Scorpion: let wounded lying, warmth, wound compresses, seek medical attention as soon as possible: n bee with a pair of pliers or sterilized needle prick out front, then coloured tissue ammonium n ants, mosquitoes ointment: wash the affected area with SOAP and if swelling, the wound to a cold compress and coloured disinfection ointment, if patients in serious condition, should immediately to hospital governance l Burns, Scalds processing: cold compress wounds that do not use any oil of dressings to stop bleeding bleeding: l, cleaning the wound and dressing the wound treatment l bone analysis: cannot move, with a hard object and casts solid wound u l cramp treatment: reason: lack of salt, excessive fatigue u handle: let patients rest, numbness of the continuation of the journey of relaxation before l sprain treatment: allow patients to rest, even for fracture treatment 5. lost to rescue lost rescued method is very easy, secret if you can recognize yourself in the time when they will start to get lost! when you find yourself getting lost, can no longer simply required to adopt effective methods to control and handle the situation. Although you cannot determine their position, but remember you are at a critical juncture, must face the reality. From then on, you should forget all about the expedition's plan, as long as the focus to the overall auspices, recognize the direction, to find a way out, and then continue on foot. If due to lost find road and after a day of hard work, not to move forward again, can decide whether or not early home to rest. Encountered in lost mountain is the most fortunate, because the Sun is usually along the shortest route to the mountain, but it does not matter with flow, impregnability, you can strip along the direction of the mountain, you can reach the mountain valley, as long as you make the best use of intelligence, survived. When you see or hear the sound of the mountain, and the location of the station, you can view suitable for cisplatin this direction down the mountain, the mountain may suddenly disappear between cliffs, then you can no longer move necessary with adventure way reentrant, so as a result, you may want to take more than doubled, but you get lost! lost consequences are difficult to free time around the roadAnd the players ' confidence and morale is also possible for which low, this is not unexpected, and helplessness. Get lost when necessary to comply with the rules as follows: n don't panic n we move closer together and don't let any one who, left alone, is not lost contact n sit down and calmly, and analysis of the current situation on the map n find himself where decisions should continue to move forward, or original road reentrant, generally speaking, the original road reentrant, back to you most definitely in the correct location, more secure n trust your compass, don't ignore those claiming to be a member of confusion in the direction of genius, because in this bad situation still wish to travel around, Jane should be can't handle the truth n at critical juncture, keep a cool head and make good use of intelligence is your greatest virtue n lost direction, naturally affect morale, but don't blame the players n once lost, you might want to field had to prepare unfurnished, through a night of hard, as long as change does not dull, things calm, still insurable is safe. You can try to find the safest place to drill into the sleeping bag or a spare plastic bags to keep warm. Usually the following morning, sunny day color, in the Sun, all terrain can see clearly, then, is seeking the mountain more secure. This line is not to your original destination, but you can arrive in a safe place, and then look again clearly going to back to journey to see whether they still continue the journey after hard n night may team has been exhausted, do not want to go on hiking trip, then you have to own talent and players of courage and perseverance to make arrangements for the performance of the, at that time may have a look at my rescue workers, so you do not need to flutter, trying to breathe, whistle, necessary as we are right next to each other, mutual, but not sentimental, potentially disastrous result for no reason, given the absence of international distress signal n n when the issue of the accident, if a clear view of the surrounding, you can wave a cloth or other signals in order to get attention. Remember to demurral avoid grief intersection conflict by team-mates, the necessary calm reflection of danger of getting lost in a good n the last advice; place in rucksack a large plastic bag, as one of the life-saving appliances, it can be considered wise, even if you're in the dark or inclement weather trapped wild areas, but did not bring sleeping bag, you can still be lying in a large plastic bags to keep warm, hope you can comfortably sleep till. Most accidents or getting lost, and other unfortunate events occurred, often made following one or more error: n journey purpose and don't know anything about action n distress cannot reference each other, and to the surrounding tissue is undisciplined n what happened or trip on the things indifferent n most common mistakes is too self-confident, no actual knowledge and skills limited 6. Distress signals of an international call for help ' road n-every minute, issued six times of sound or light n rescue--every minute, issued three acoustic or optical n access to the rescue of the signal, you still want to continually prays signals to help rescue me to exact locations. Moldova's password using optical or acoustic issued three short (S) three long (O) three short (S) of the signal. 7. save the code required to assume the leadership team task, if the captain was injured, the captain required to bear the responsibility of the captain, the other players must obey commands that work together to solve problems. When in distress, including: the responsibility of leaders n examine the circumstances of the case, do not fret, it should first be any on the injured and the rest of the players (including myself) have threatened to reduce to a minimum, for example: If a WaSP swarm invasion, the Member should keep calm, avoid loud shout to colonies away immediately after the attacks, the purposes of the appropriate first aid n diagnosis injured and first aid to victims of sane n ask the location of injuries, pain, to check the disposal of the injured part of n, and required mitigation and stable processing n If pain with bleeding, bleeding shall be covered with a clean dressing, bandage ligation of stable unconscious victim n injured the most pressing need is to breathe, to note whether the condition of the wounded and airway smooth n keep their breath, and necessary if no breathing will have to carefully check the resuscitation n injured body temperature pulse and eye pupil position n If bleeding, you should immediately stop the bleeding, and proceed to check if there is a lot of people n while injuries, first aid is required quickly for validation, who should receive priority treatment of first aid, then the remaining injured persons, if only one person to first aid, you must first set all unconscious of injured persons in recovery position on resettlement of the injured n of injured persons placed in air circulation of buildings or shelter n so that the injured person feel comfortable, and should be a drink sugary and extra clothes n if injury author of fracture phenomena, can not arbitrarily moving injured persons, may be extra clothes and warm drinks, such as the sugar content of the drink to maintain body temperature n but if injured unconscious, or head, the chest or abdominal injuries, not to drink, you should immediately call for help to the rest of the team's relocation to n captain, stable team led them to assist first-aid, care for the injured, such as preparing drinks, extra clothes, etc. for players, busy and not panic n for help deciding the extent of the wounded and injured n u minor person: you can continue the trip by giving first aid, u serious: first aid, decided to call methods, not suitable for the removal of injured persons, but are often likely to underestimate the extent of the wounded and injured or clean out tired, so not too conservative. If necessary, we'll call for help to avoid delays n players ' morale n time license n escape route weather n n u a distress steps and methods should be fast asleep, the injured player often go in front, for observation and comfort u if injured due to necessary and alone in the mountains, the injured to stone, prevent injuries and to decrease, this step in the injured unconscious is especially important when u leave a flashlight, the whistle to the injured person, so that it can attract the attention of rescuers, and to identify its location, the dazzling clothes covered in the injured, the rescuers easier I found u if the injured person is not affected by JacquelineWounds, the leader should send two people to the nearest police post phone, AFD, country park management station, etc. for help, the second person is a member in a calm, in seeking to make a reasonable decision to u and rescue officers when reporting issues l casualty location, if it can be pointed out that the injured person's coordinates on the map and a compass direction better l distressed time l injured State, name, age, blood type, and so has the purpose of the first aid l method is a member of the situation, l, age of equipment l l member removed from the injured person is difficult, for example its impregnability topographic and players injury l required inform rescuers where to meet, so that will save users guide to the distress of venues u drafting and issuing mountain accidents (casualties) for help book 8. For help books n accident location n map number n map position readout (G. R)。 N terrain description n casualty information name n n n n phone sex age n address n emergency contact person injured time n n n has the purpose of the injury emergency rescue equipment required n drug case n members